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Response snapshot Oct 29, 2026, 01:26 UTC

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VulnerabilityCVE-2026-118256

Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list

When escapeParameter is enabled (escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API), Vue I18n escapes the interpolation parameters before formatting a message. escapeParams() escapes either the list values or the named values, but not both: the two branches are joined by else.

At a glance

Exploited
Not known
Severity
2.1 Low (CVSS 4.0)
Chance of exploitation
Not estimated
Sources
1 source

What to do

GitHub lists first patched versions: vue-i18n: 11.4.14; vue-i18n: 12.0.0-alpha.5; @intlify/core: 11.4.14; @intlify/core: 12.0.0-alpha.5; @intlify/core-base: 11.4.14; @intlify/core-base: 12.0.0-alpha.5; petite-vue-i18n: 11.4.14; petite-vue-i18n: 12.0.0-alpha.5; @intlify/vue-i18n-core: 11.4.14; @intlify/vue-i18n-core: 12.0.0-alpha.5. Confirm the affected range and upgrade guidance in the exact advisory.

Read GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3 (opens a new tab)

What happened

Summary

When escapeParameter is enabled (escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API), Vue I18n escapes the interpolation parameters before formatting a message. escapeParams() escapes either the list values or the named values, but not both: the two branches are joined by else. When a single call passes both, for example t(key, ['...'], { named: { ... } }), the named values reach the message without being escaped.

Details

escapeParams() in [packages/core-base/src/translate.ts (v11.4.13)](https://github.com/intlify/vue-i18n/blob/v11.4.13/packages/core-base/src/translate.ts):

Continue reading
function escapeParams(options: TranslateOptions) {
 if (isArray(options.list)) {
 options.list = options.list.map(item => (isString(item) ? escapeHtml(item) : item))
 } else if (isObject(options.named)) {
 // ...escapes the named values
 }
}

t(key, list, options) is a public overload, and TranslateOptions has a named field, so a call can carry both. The list is checked first, and the named values are then left as they are.

The translated string still goes through sanitizeTranslatedHtml() (added for CVE-2025-53892), which neutralizes event handler attributes and javascript: URLs. Other markup in the named values, such as links and forms, is inserted as is. Before the fix for GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728, an in a named value also passes the sanitizer, and script runs. Versions without the sanitizer (before 9.14.5, 10.0.8 and 11.1.10, and 12.0.

0-alpha.1 to alpha.3) insert the named values as HTML without any further check.

is not affected: it passes either list or named values, never both, and it does not render translations as HTML.

PoC

import { createI18n } from 'vue-i18n'

const i18n = createI18n({
 legacy: false,
 locale: 'en',
 escapeParameter: true,
 messages: {
 en: { withList: '{0} {name}', withoutList: '{name}' }
 }
})
const t = i18n.global.t

t('withoutList', { name: ' x ' })
// <b>x</b> escaped

t('withList', ['a'], { named: { name: ' x ' } })
// a x not escaped (v11.4.13)

Impact

Applications are affected when they enable escapeParameter, render translations as HTML (for example with v-html), and pass untrusted named values in the same call as a list. The named values are inserted as markup: phishing links, forms, or layout changes. Together with GHSA-83rm-6c8r-g728, or on versions without the sanitizer, this leads to script execution (DOM-based XSS).

Patches

Fixed in 11.4.14 and 12.0.0-alpha.5. escapeParams() now escapes both the list and the named values.

The fix also stops rewriting the named object that the caller passes. Before, the values of that object were replaced with their escaped form, so a second call with the same object escaped them twice.

v9 and v10 are no longer supported and will not be fixed. Please migrate to v11.

Workarounds

- Do not pass list and named values in the same call when escapeParameter is enabled. - Do not render translations that can contain untrusted values with v-html. Use component interpolation ( ) instead.

Affected package ranges reported by GitHub: vue-i18n: >= 9.0.0-beta.5, < 11.4.14 vue-i18n: >= 12.0.0-alpha.1, < 12.0.0-alpha.5 @intlify/core: >= 9.0.0-beta.10, < 11.4.14 @intlify/core: >= 12.0.0-alpha.1, < 12.0.0-alpha.5 @intlify/core-base: >= 9.0.0-beta.12, < 11.4.14 @intlify/core-base: >= 12.0.0-alpha.1, < 12.0.0-alpha.5 petite-vue-i18n: >= 9.2.0-alpha.7, < 11.4.14 petite-vue-i18n: >= 12.0.0-alpha.1, < 12.0.

0-alpha.5 @intlify/vue-i18n-core: >= 9.2.0-alpha.7, < 11.4.14 @intlify/vue-i18n-core: >= 12.0.0-alpha.1, < 12.0.0-alpha.5

Scores and how they were measured

CVSS base severity

2.1

Version 4.0As of

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

Measurement source (opens a new tab)

How bad it is if exploited. Not a prediction of exploitation or proof you are exposed.

EPSS probability

Not available

A model's estimate of exploitation in the next 30 days, not certainty or your own risk.

Related technology

Sources

  1. Primary source

    GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3 (opens a new tab)

    The public advisory supplies the description, affected package/version ranges, and any listed CVSS metric. GitHub review is not local review.

    Published Checked

  2. Primary source

    GitHub public advisory API page (opens a new tab)

    The API page supplied GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3, its actual identifiers, source dates, and structured metrics.

    Published Date not suppliedChecked

Cite this record

For factual claims, cite the primary sources above; cite KEVWire for its compilation, dates, and classifications.

APA

KEVWire. (2026, October 28). Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list (CVE-2026-118256). https://kevwire.com/record/CVE-2026-118256

MLA

"Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list (CVE-2026-118256)." KEVWire, 28 Oct. 2026, kevwire.com/record/CVE-2026-118256.

Chicago

KEVWire. "Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list (CVE-2026-118256)." Last modified October 28, 2026. https://kevwire.com/record/CVE-2026-118256.

Evidence summary (plain text)

Vue I18n: `escapeParameter` does not escape named values when the same call also passes a list (Oct 28, 2026).
When escapeParameter is enabled (escapeParameterHtml in the Legacy API), Vue I18n escapes the interpolation parameters before formatting a message. escapeParams() escapes either the list values or the named values, but not both: the two branches are joined by else. When a single call passes both, for example t(key, ['...'], { named: { ... } }), the named values reach the message without being escaped.
CVSS 2.1 (version 4.0; evidence as of Oct 28, 2026; https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3).
Sources:
GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-8rc2-428q-7ww3
GitHub public advisory API page: https://api.github.com/advisories?type=reviewed&per_page=100&sort=updated&direction=desc
Record ID: CVE-2026-118256.
Record origin: Ingested record.
AI evidence: Not assessed.
Known exploitation: Not assessed.
Zero-day status: Not assessed. KEV membership alone does not establish zero-day status.
About this data

This record was ingested from a data source. Retrieved: Oct 29, 2026, 00:55 UTC. Ingestion is not an independent editorial investigation.

A CISA KEV listing documents known exploitation, not necessarily a zero-day; absence from the catalog does not prove a vulnerability has never been exploited.

Technology tags indicate possible relevance, not verified exposure. Confirm the affected product, version, and configuration against your own inventory; KEVWire does not scan your systems.

A personal reading checklist on this device, not verified remediation.

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